Ten years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Moscow is still extremely influential in Central Asian countries such as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and especially Tajikistan, whose defense against Islamic radicalism directly involves the 201st Division, whose personnel are not conscripts but "contractors". , professional contract soldiers, is deployed along the border between Tajikistan and Afghanistan. In addition, Moscow has for years been supporting and arming the Northern Alliance, a loose coalition of remnants of the Mujahideen who were ousted from power by the Taliban in Afghanistan in 1995. This aid was officially confirmed last week for the first time in Moscow, when President Vladimir Putin said that Russia "will continue and increase military aid to the Taliban's opponents." In other Central Asian countries, Russia also has a greater or lesser military presence and an even greater economic influence, as all these countries are more or less dependent on Moscow as a trading partner.
SILK COOPERATION: Because of all this, Moscow's consent was crucial to any US military presence in the countries bordering Afghanistan, which in turn is crucial to any major military action. Airports in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan are particularly important and in many ways more favorable than those in Pakistan. According to Dmitry Makarov of the Center for Strategic and Political Studies in Moscow, "in these countries there is not the kind of anti-American sentiment that exists in Pakistan."
Although Moscow already offered help in the fight against terrorism on September 11, a few days later the signals from Moscow were often contradictory. Chief of the General Staff, General Kvashnin, for example, stated that it is "out of the question that the Americans use airports in the countries of Central Asia." According to the distinguished Moscow military analyst Pavel Felgengauer, it is quite clear. "A bunch of secret Russian military facilities, and even the space center in Baikonur, from which Russian intercontinental missile tests are regularly conducted, are located hundreds of kilometers away from those airports. Russia's military top brass bristle at the thought that the Americans could establish a military presence so close."
On the other hand, Felgengauer says there is a completely different kind of fear. "For the Americans to come... to rouse the hornet's nest and then fold their tails and pick themselves up, leaving Russia to deal with the consequences." But, Felgenhauer continues, "President Putin still left the door open, apparently wanting concessions from Washington, especially when in the matter of Chechnya".
WIDE OD AFGHANISTAN: Last week, Washington sent just such signals, and directly from the White House. First, spokesman Ari Fleischer said "Chechnya" and "terrorism" in the same sentence for the first time. A bit twisted… but still, it was sweet music for the Kremlin auditorium. "The leadership in Chechnya, like other responsible leaders in the world, must immediately and unconditionally cut all contacts with international terrorist groups, Osama bin Laden and the Al Qaeda organization," Flasher said.
That same evening, President Bush personally repeated the message. For Moscow, that was enough. A day later, Vladimir Putin, as the first Russian president to directly address the German parliament, said in fluent German in the Bundestag that "it must finally be said clearly that the Cold War is over" and that new ways of cooperation and coexistence should be sought. Russia has announced that it will allow American planes to fly over its territory "for humanitarian purposes."
It will not be difficult for our readers to recall what can be classified as "humanitarian purposes", for example the one from the spring of 1999. The cooperation between Washington and Moscow has already started on the exchange of intelligence data and according to Dmitry Trennin, deputy director of the Moscow branch of the Carnegie Foundation, " this is a turning point in Russian foreign policy. Putin made a decision that is much broader than Afghanistan or the Central Asian republics... He made it strategic decision - to become an ally of the West and NATO". Chechnya is not the only thing Russia wants from the West, Trennin says. Above all, Putin wants to change the perception of Russia, the acceptance of him personally and his country by the West. Apparently, it is slowly coming to that.